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Hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic states of prehospital care
TOLINGER, Daniel
Diabetes mellitus is a frequently discussed lifestyle disease in today's society. Therefore, I decided to create this bachelor's thesis, which focuses on acute diabetic states in emergency medicine and pre-hospital care by the emergency medical service. The aim of the thesis is to provide an overview of standardized therapy in pre-hospital care and the most common causes of acute diabetic complications that can lead to hospitalization and even life-threatening situations for patients with diabetes. This goal was achieved by collecting data from emergency medical responders from the Emergency Medical Service. The knowledge gained from this work shows that the majority of acute diabetic states were caused by patient errors, whether in inappropriate increases in physical exertion or application of exogenous insulin outside of the prescribed regimen. For successful treatment of acute diabetic states, proper and quick diagnosis is crucial, based on a well-taken medical history and the use of available techniques. Targeted therapeutic procedures help manage these conditions without serious health consequences for patients. The scientific contribution of this work lies in its comprehensive and up-to-date approach to the topic, which enables a better understanding of the issue of acute diabetic states and provides a comprehensive view of current diagnosis and therapy in pre-hospital care. This work may be useful for physicians and nurses working in emergency medicine or emergency medical responders who encounter these conditions in practice. In conclusion, this bachelor's thesis serves primarily to improve the care of patients with acute diabetic states.
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New trends in perioperative monitoring and glycaemic control.
Lipš, Michal ; Kunstýř, Jan (advisor) ; Bešík, Josef (referee) ; Beneš, Jan (referee)
Glycaemic control in critically ill patients has been a topic of considerable attention for the past 20 years. In literature and at scientific meetings, there have been ongoing debates regarding the efficacy of glycaemic control in these patients with frequently entirely opposite opinions. These range from a strict invasive approach with target glycaemia 4-6 mmol/l to a liberal approach tolerating even values higher than 12 mmol/l. In the preview of this PhD thesis we have analysed so far published literature and describe the reasons for this inconsistency. According to the results of recent studies, the most significant efficacy of tight glycaemic control has been observed in cardiac surgical patients. If we consider the concept of tight glycaemic control as efficient strategy, there are three important questions remaining unanswered as follow. Does the specific algorithm-protocol play a key part in the concept of tight glycaemic control alongside the knowledge and skills of nursing staff in safe and efficient blood glucose control? What is the ideal timing of starting the strategy of tight glycaemic control (TGC) in cardiac surgical patient? And is there any benefit in outcome respect to mortality or morbidity? Do we have any more safe and efficient option or add-on to standard perioperative...
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Specific needs of a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus in pre-primary and primary education
PRAGEROVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of children and pupil´s education and with type 1 diabetes mellitus. It focuses on the ways to meet the specific health disadvantages needs and how the child with diabetes is integrated into the school activities. At the beginning of this work, the substance of this chronic disease, its treatment and methods of compensation using the latest technologies in blood glucose monitoring and insulin administration is characterized. Furthermore, the possible risky situations that can be encountered during the child's educational process and how to respond to these situations are described. The practical part is based on the direct experience of parents whose diabetic children attend a kindergarten and a primary school.
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Pathobiochemistry of diabetes mellitus and its complications - oxidative stress, microinflammation and genetic predisposition.
Škrha, Jan ; Kalousová, Marta (advisor) ; Rybka, Jaroslav (referee) ; Bendlová, Běla (referee)
Diabetes is a chronic disease with high prevalence and significant morbidity. Chronic changes in the wall of small and large vessels lead to main diabetes complications. Apart from long- term hyperglycemia, several factors are involved in the development of diabetes vasculopathy. The aim of this work was to describe new early biomarkers of these vascular changes, to identify risky patients. Alongside, gene polymorphisms involved in protective pathways of glucose metabolism were studied. In three human studies with Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 (T2D) diabetes patients special biochemical parameters of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and its ligands, deglycation enzyme glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and fructosamine 3-kinase (FN3K) gene polymorphisms were analyzed. Non-invasive measurement of glycation by skin autofluorescence (SAF) was assessed in all subjects. Soluble RAGE, HMGB1 and endothelial dysfunction markers were increased in patients with diabetes as compared with controls, however the differences between T1D and T2D were not significant. For the first time, an association between FN3K (rs1056534) and (rs3848403) polymorphism and sRAGE concentration in diabetes was shown. GLO1 (rs4746) polymorphism was associated with changes in endothelial dysfunction. Patients with diabetes had higher...
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The Incidence of Complications in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Korytenská, Kristýna ; Pavlíková, Pavla (advisor) ; Hrdličková, Renáta (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis deals with the occurrence of complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this bachelor thesis is determine which acute and chronic complications prevail in relation to gender, type of diabetes and duration of diabetes. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part of the thesis I described themselves diabetes mellitus, types of diabetes mellitus, acute complications and chronic complications. Among the acute complications include hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Chronic complications are divided into specific and nonspecific. In the empirical part, I followed the incidence of complications. I realized quantitative research using questionnaires. The questionnaire was own of design. Participated in this research 78 respondents who were acquired in diabetes clinics. I divided respondents into subsequent categories: women with type I diabetes, women with type II diabetes, men with type I diabetes and men with type II diabetes. The thesis results that, overall acute and chronic complications suffered total 41 % of respondents. The most common complication of acute hyperglycemia reported 25.6 % of respondents. The most common complications were chronic diabetic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy, each with 6.5% of respondents. Keywords:...
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Connections of compliance and blood glucose levels of patients with diabetes mellitus I. type
ŠTROBLOVÁ, Petra
The point of my bachelor work about context compliance and level of glukose in the blood of patients with Diabetes mellitus 1. type, was an effort to show, how are exessive glykemy values in context with the actual menu of the patient, his physical activity or any other said fact and with accepted inzulin shots. (in a timescale of five months and three respondents with this disease). The theoretical part of work is built from all around information about diabetes as well as description of its history and appearance worldwide and in czech republic. As next are said specifics about the 1st type of this disease definition, charakteristic, prevention, appearance and diagnostics. Text informs about curing of this type as well as possible complications in hang with wrong way of curing of a person with diabetes. Researchpart is made of three case studies. The method of aquiring the data was anamnestic questionnaire and a diary, in which the respondents weekly wrote important informations conected with the disease. Informations were given by three young adults (up too 25 years) with diabetes mellitus 1. type. The whole time of diary entries took 5 months and 21 complex week entries were chosen. All of the entries containing informations about feeding and optimal energy values were processed in program "Nutriservis Professional". Data including information about glykemy and inzulin input were compared with actuall menus and physical activity of the respondents afterwards. The results of the research are presented in written form, including diagramms of level of glucose in the blood. The first respondent is fullfilling her medical principles (as said). Shes following her diet regime and selfmonitoring and shes aplicating her inzulin properly. The plan of the second respondent was compensated a lot as well. All this given, all of his levels of glykemy arent coliding too much. He follows the curing plan as well. The results of the third respondent show that she is compensating her disease properly. Two last mentioned respondents were not working together very well.
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Diabetes mellitus type 1 as a health, nutriotial and social problem for children up to 18 years of age.
FRIDRICHOVSKÁ, Pavlína
Work specifies the problems of children with diabetes mellitus type 1 - of site for health, in nutrition and social problems. The theoretical part is characterized by diabetes mellitus type 1, its causes, symptoms, treatment with diet and takes into account the specific problems arising from this condition for age. The practical part comprises the results of the questionnaire survey, which focuses on the problems of diabetes mellitus type 1 in childhood, and the level of knowledge about diabetes. The survey was performed in 40 families with a child that has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 1. The results showed that diabetes mellitus type 1 affects the lives of families in the area of catering, sports, travel, school teaching, but also the future development of the child itself and its involvement in other activities.
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